Thermodynamics Introduction

Thermo = heat

Dynamic = motion 

The branch of science which deals with the quantitative relationships between heat and other forms of energy is called thermodynamics. 

Common Thermodynamic terms 

System: The part of the universe which is chosen for the study or thermodynamic  consideration. 

Surroundings: the remaining portion of the universe (excluding system) 

Boundary: by which  the system remains separated from the surroundings 

Types of system 

Open system:  both heat and matter transfer takes place 

Closed System: only heat transfer occurs. No exchange of matter 

Isolated System: neither heat nor matter 

Transfer occurs. 

Extensive properties 

Those properties which depend upon the quantity of the matter taken in the system example: Volume , mass, energy etc. 

Intensive properties 

Those properties which do not depend upon the quantity of the matter but upon the nature of the matter are intensive properties. 

Example: Temperature,  pressure, density, refractive index etc. 

Thermodynamic processes 

1. Isothermal process : Temperature remains constant throughout the process. 

2. Isobaric process : pressure remains constant. 

3. Isochoric process : Volume remains same during the entire process. 

4. Adiabatic process: in this process no heat enters or leaves the system i.e, there is no flow of heat. 

5. Cyclic process: initial state and final state are same.